Tag Archive for: offshore

Riesgos y Complicaciones durante el Descontrol de Pozos

/, ,

De acuerdo con el National Alliance for Insurace Education and Research, el riesgo se define como la “Incertidumbre concerniente a una pérdida que se presenta debido a un conjunto de circunstancias dadas”. Entre sus principios básicos se encuentran los siguientes:

No retenga más de lo que pueda soportar en pérdida.
No arriesgue mucho por poco.
Considere la probabilidad de los eventos y su impacto potencial.

En el sector hidrocarburos, uno de los riesgos más comunes que enfrentan las empresas que se dedican a la extracción de petróleo es el descontrol de los pozos, lo cual puede implicar altos costos debido a la reparación de los daños y/o perjuicios que se hayan generado a personas, instalaciones o al medio ambiente.

Un descontrol de pozos se genera por un brote, el cual no se puede manejar a voluntad, y se clasifica en:

Descontrol diferencial.- Sucede cuando la presión de formación es mayor que la presión hidrostática, invadiendo los fluidos de la formación el fondo del pozo, levantando la columna de fluidos de manera que la expulsa a superficie y el equipo de control superficial no está cerrado.

Descontrol inducido.- Es ocasionado por el movimiento de la tubería, la cual puede sondear o aligerar la columna hidrostática o fracturar la formación al introducirla complicándose el problema al tener tuberías rotas.

Ante el descontrol se procede a aplicar un método específico de control según sea el problema que lo genera, sin embargo la realidad es que son pocas las acciones en el Control de Pozos que ocurren como son planeadas, por lo que es importante estar familiarizado con las complicaciones que pueden ocurrir durante la ejecución del control.

A continuación presentamos una lista de las complicaciones más comunes:

Tapado / colapsado del anular
Sarta tapada
Falla de la BOP
Falla o daño del revestidor
Tapón de cemento
Errores conceptuales
Complicaciones durante la circulación de un Kick
Presión excesiva de revestidor
Presión reducida no confiable o no disponible
Perforación en caliente
Consideraciones de Control de Pozos horizontales
Hueco o lavadura en el Tubing
Congelamiento
Detección del punto libre
Válvula flotadora de Contra presión en la sarta
Pesca
Pérdidas de circulación
Pérdidas parciales y severas de circulación
Problemas mecánicos del Pozo
Fresado
Tubería fuera del fondo y fuera del Pozo
Tubería muy débil o muy corroída
Cambios en los Tanques
Bit o embudo tapado
Presión entre las sartas de revestidores
Falla en los manómetros de presión
Problemas más allá del estrangulador
Falla o cambio de la bomba
Reciprocrado de la tubería durante el Control de Pozo
Consideraciones de las presiones de cierre
Snubbing en la sarta o Tumbing
Pega de tubería
Sarta de telescopía

Por lo anterior, es de vital importancia estar siempre alerta ante los indicadores de presión, flujo y equipo involucrado para reconocer el surgimiento de brotes a la brevedad y tomar las medidas necesarias para evitar que se produzcan incidentes, y en caso de que sea imposible evitarlos, contar con un Seguro de Control de Pozos, que dé certeza de la obtención de los recursos necesarios para reparar los daños y que la operación de la empresa no se vea comprometida.

Recordemos que no existe “una pérdida sin asegurar”, lo que no se asegura implica una retención, la cual afecta directamente el patrimonio de la empresa.
En NRGI Broker contamos con un equipo experto en Seguros de Control de Pozos, Seguro de Responsabilidad Ambiental y Seguro de Responsabilidad Civil, así como con especialistas en administración de riesgos que le brindarán soluciones integrales, con productos comprobados, que se adaptan a la medida de sus necesidades.
Comuníquese con nosotros, estamos para ayudarle:
info@nrgibroker.com
(55) 9177.2100

 

Offshore Safety Improves Across UKCS Oil, Gas Operations

/

Offshore safety across oil and gas operations on the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) continued to improve in 2015, according to the 2016 Oil & Gas UK Health & Safety Report published August 1.

There were no reported fatalities and reportable injury rates were lower than other industries such as manufacturing, construction, retail and education. The lost time injury frequency rate on the UKCS was also below the European average and lower than Norway, Denmark and Ireland.

The category of dangerous occurrences – which captures oil and gas releases, fires or explosions, dropped objects and weather damage – was down overall too, with an almost 30 percent fall between 2013 and 2015. Within that category, the total number of oil and gas releases rose slightly by 9 percent, with the majority of these classified as minor, while major releases remained the same.

A rise in minor releases could partially reflect that more and more operators are using technology that helps detect the smallest of escapes. New reporting criteria also came into place in the second half of 2015 and now includes releases that were not deemed reportable under previous legislation.

In March 2015 the Forties Echo platform in the North Sea was shut after being hit by a supply vessel, which resulted in 15 workers being transferred to the nearby Forties Bravo platform. In July 2015, oil and gas industry skills organization OPITO reported a 250 percent rise in the number of North Sea energy firms investing in systems which assess and develop workforce competence and safety.

“I am pleased to say there were no reported fatalities on the UK Continental Shelf in 2015. Health and Safety Executive statistics in our report show that the industry non-fatal injury rate and the over-seven-day and specified injuries rates also decreased,” said Mick Borwell, health, safety and environment policy director at Oil & Gas UK.

“That picture of personal safety improvement was echoed in the smaller annual benchmarking exercise that we carry out ourselves. We looked at 28 production operators and found a continuing downward trend in the average frequency of reportable injuries and dangerous occurrences,” he added.

“This is a testing time for the industry and our commitment to safety has, at times, been questioned. However, our report demonstrates that safe operations continue to be intrinsic to how we go about our activities on the UK Continental Shelf, regardless of the oil price. It shows that the UK sector is focusing in the right areas and overall is heading in the right direction. The report is also a reminder that there is no place for compromise or complacency and that safety must remain at the top of our agenda,” Borwell concluded.

Copyright: Rig Zone

Exxon, Total, Chevron In Talks With Pemex On Gulf Prospects

/

Petroleos Mexicanos is in talks with Exxon Mobil Corp., Total SA and Chevron Corp. as Mexico’s struggling state-run oil producer seeks partners to develop deepwater crude in the Gulf of Mexico.

Pemex may also start discussions with Oslo-based Statoil ASA, according to company press officials who asked not to be named because of policy. Pemex seeks Areas of Mutual Interest agreements to evaluate whether the companies have opportunities to work together in offshore areas.

The talks would indicate the world’s oil majors are interested in partnering with Pemex to produce the country’s underdeveloped crude reserves or bid with Mexico’s state-owned operator in the country’s first-ever deep water auctions in December. Pemex, which deferred investments in deepwater fields this year amid a $5.5 billion budget cut, has reiterated that it seeks to partner with the world’s largest producers to develop Mexico’s crude reserves, estimated by the country’s oil regulator at the equivalent of 10.24 billion barrels of crude at the end of last year.

“They will use the tools in the energy reform to do this,” Nymia Almeida, a senior credit officer for Moody’s, said at a conference in New York, when asked about Pemex forming partnerships and selling assets, which the company intends to do. “Any deal would be better than none, even if it starts little by little.”

Hakon Fonseca Nordang, head of communication for Statoil in the U.S. and Mexico, declined to comment on any discussions, saying that Statoil and Pemex have for years had a General Cooperation Agreement involving research and technology exchange between the two companies. Scott Silvestri, an Exxon spokesman, declined to comment, as did Isabel Ordonez, a spokeswoman for Chevron in Latin America.

Deepwater Auction

Mexico hopes to raise $44 billion in investment in its first-ever sale of deepwater areas in the Gulf of Mexico, scheduled for Dec. 5. The country will auction 10 areas in the Perdido area near the maritime border with the U.S. and in the southern gulf’s Cuenca Salina.

Seventy-six percent of the country’s prospective oil resources are located in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico, according to Energy Minister Pedro Joaquin Coldwell. Pemex, Statoil, Chevron and Exxon are among 16 companies that are in the process to qualify to bid in the deep water auctions

Oil Gulf prospects

Copyright: Rig Zone